What is Zakat al-Fitr?
Zakat al-Fitr (also known as Fitrana) is a mandatory charitable donation given by Muslims before the Eid al-Fitr prayer at the end of Ramadan. It purifies the fasting person and ensures the needy can also celebrate Eid.
Who is required to pay Fitrana?
Every Muslim who has food in excess of their needs for the day and night of Eid must pay Zakat al-Fitr. The head of the household is responsible for paying on behalf of their dependents, including children and infants.
When should Zakat al-Fitr be paid?
It becomes obligatory at sunset on the last day of Ramadan and must be paid before the Eid al-Fitr prayer begins. It is permissible to pay it a few days in advance.
How is Zakat al-Fitr calculated?
It is calculated as one Sa'a (approx. 2.5 to 3 kg) of staple food (like wheat, barley, dates, or rice) per person. You multiply this amount by the number of dependents and the local price of the food.
Can I pay Zakat al-Fitr in cash?
While originally paid in food items, many prominent scholars (such as the Hanafi school) permit paying the equivalent monetary value in cash, especially if it is more beneficial to the poor.
What is a Sa'a?
A Sa'a is an Islamic volumetric measure used during the Prophet Muhammad's time, equivalent to four double-handfuls. Depending on the food type, it weighs approximately 2.5 to 3 kilograms.
Does a newborn baby have to pay Zakat al-Fitr?
Yes, if the baby is born before the sunset of the last day of Ramadan, Zakat al-Fitr must be paid on their behalf by the head of the household.
Where should I give my Zakat al-Fitr?
It should be given to the poor and needy in your local community first. If there is no local need, it can be sent to those in greater need elsewhere.
What if I miss the Eid prayer before paying?
If delayed past the Eid prayer without a valid excuse, it is considered a sin, but the obligation remains as an ordinary charity (Sadaqah) and must still be paid.
Can I give different types of food?
Yes, you can calculate and give based on any of the accepted staple foods (wheat, barley, dates, raisins) or whatever is considered the main staple of your region (like rice or corn).